release是发布的意思,而public则是公众的意思,区别可以从以下例子看出:

After Census 2021, government will analyze the data, then will release some of the data to public, cost small to read them. 2021 年人口普查后,政府会对数据进行分析,然后将部分数据发布于公众,但是要花小小费用阅读。