suffering是名词,也是suffer的现在分词,意为苦难、折磨、疼痛等。

The war has caused widespread human suffering.

这场战争给许多人带来了苦难。

suffering在表示多重疼痛时可以有复数形式,即sufferings.

The hospice aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.

临终关怀医院旨在减轻临终者的痛苦。