一. Exemplification(举例说明)

A good case in point is that...

举例子的目的是把抽象的概念表达清楚

二 .Analogy and contrast (类比与对比)

A is similar/analogous to B

类比的目的是用人们熟悉的东西来解释新东西

三. Explanation(解释说明)

目的也是把抽象概念说清楚,这里借用上文的举例论证的片段

四.Cause and effect (因果论证)

也就大家常用的because了

五.Concession and refutation (让步与反驳)

让步:although,admittedly公认的

反驳:however, nevertheless, but

六.Suppose(假设论证)

Suppose that...